diff --git a/Surface_mesh_approximation/examples/Surface_mesh_approximation/vsa_metric_example.cpp b/Surface_mesh_approximation/examples/Surface_mesh_approximation/vsa_metric_example.cpp
index b63ea6d6fec..0e73e595a7a 100644
--- a/Surface_mesh_approximation/examples/Surface_mesh_approximation/vsa_metric_example.cpp
+++ b/Surface_mesh_approximation/examples/Surface_mesh_approximation/vsa_metric_example.cpp
@@ -42,8 +42,7 @@ struct PointProxyFitting {
   PointProxyFitting(const FacetCenterMap &_center_pmap,
     const FacetAreaMap &_area_pmap)
     : center_pmap(_center_pmap),
-    area_pmap(_area_pmap),
-    error_functor(center_pmap) {}
+    area_pmap(_area_pmap) {}
 
   template<typename FacetIterator>
   PointProxy operator()(const FacetIterator beg, const FacetIterator end) {
@@ -62,23 +61,11 @@ struct PointProxyFitting {
     PointProxy px;
     px.center = CGAL::ORIGIN + center;
 
-    // update seed
-    px.seed = *beg;
-    FT err_min = error_functor(*beg, px);
-    for (FacetIterator fitr = beg; fitr != end; ++fitr) {
-      FT err = error_functor(*fitr, px);
-      if (err < err_min) {
-        err_min = err;
-        px.seed = *fitr;
-      }
-    }
-
     return px;
   }
 
   const FacetCenterMap center_pmap;
   const FacetAreaMap area_pmap;
-  CompactMetric error_functor;
 };
 
 struct ApproxTrait {
diff --git a/Surface_mesh_approximation/include/CGAL/internal/Surface_mesh_approximation/VSA.h b/Surface_mesh_approximation/include/CGAL/internal/Surface_mesh_approximation/VSA.h
index 3cf89814134..47618ad0000 100644
--- a/Surface_mesh_approximation/include/CGAL/internal/Surface_mesh_approximation/VSA.h
+++ b/Surface_mesh_approximation/include/CGAL/internal/Surface_mesh_approximation/VSA.h
@@ -148,7 +148,9 @@ private:
       if ((index++) % interval == 0) {
         // Use proxy_fitting functor to create a proxy
         std::vector<face_descriptor> fvec(1, f);
-        proxies.push_back(proxy_fitting(fvec.begin(), fvec.end()));
+        Proxy px = proxy_fitting(fvec.begin(), fvec.end());
+        px.seed = f;
+        proxies.push_back(px);
       }
       if (proxies.size() >= initial_px)
         break;
@@ -171,10 +173,14 @@ private:
     // generate 2 seeds
     typename boost::graph_traits<TriangleMesh>::face_iterator
       f0 = faces(mesh).first, f1 = ++f0;
-    std::vector<face_descriptor> fvec(1, *f0);
-    proxies.push_back(proxy_fitting(fvec.begin(), fvec.end()));
-    std::vector<face_descriptor> fvec2(1, *f1);
-    proxies.push_back(proxy_fitting(fvec2.begin(), fvec2.end()));
+    std::vector<face_descriptor> fvec0(1, *f0);
+    Proxy px0 = proxy_fitting(fvec0.begin(), fvec0.end());
+    px0.seed = *f0;
+    proxies.push_back(px0);
+    std::vector<face_descriptor> fvec1(1, *f1);
+    Proxy px1 = proxy_fitting(fvec1.begin(), fvec1.end());
+    px1.seed = *f1;
+    proxies.push_back(px1);
 
     const std::size_t num_steps = 5;
     while (proxies.size() < initial_px) {
@@ -256,8 +262,23 @@ private:
     BOOST_FOREACH(face_descriptor f, faces(mesh))
       px_facets[seg_pmap[f]].push_back(f);
 
+    // fit proxy parameter
     for (std::size_t i = 0; i < proxies.size(); ++i)
       proxies[i] = proxy_fitting(px_facets[i].begin(), px_facets[i].end());
+
+    // update proxy seed
+    for (std::size_t i = 0; i < proxies.size(); ++i) {
+      Proxy &px = proxies[i];
+      px.seed = px_facets[i].front();
+      FT err_min = fit_error(px_facets[i].front(), px);
+      BOOST_FOREACH(face_descriptor f, px_facets[i]) {
+        FT err = fit_error(f, px);
+        if (err < err_min) {
+          err_min = err;
+          px.seed = f;
+        }
+      }
+    }
   }
 
   /**
@@ -291,7 +312,9 @@ private:
 
     // create new proxy
     std::vector<face_descriptor> fvec(1, max_facet[max_px_idx]);
-    proxies.push_back(proxy_fitting(fvec.begin(), fvec.end()));
+    Proxy px = proxy_fitting(fvec.begin(), fvec.end());
+    px.seed = max_facet[max_px_idx];
+    proxies.push_back(px);
   }
 
   /**
@@ -353,7 +376,9 @@ private:
 
       if (num_to_add[px_id] > 0) {
         std::vector<face_descriptor> fvec(1, f);
-        proxies.push_back(proxy_fitting(fvec.begin(), fvec.end()));
+        Proxy px = proxy_fitting(fvec.begin(), fvec.end());
+        px.seed = f;
+        proxies.push_back(px);
         --num_to_add[px_id];
         ++num_inserted;
       }
diff --git a/Surface_mesh_approximation/include/CGAL/vsa_mesh_approximation_traits.h b/Surface_mesh_approximation/include/CGAL/vsa_mesh_approximation_traits.h
index 6bf8cafa390..0585f9aca81 100644
--- a/Surface_mesh_approximation/include/CGAL/vsa_mesh_approximation_traits.h
+++ b/Surface_mesh_approximation/include/CGAL/vsa_mesh_approximation_traits.h
@@ -65,9 +65,7 @@ template<typename PlaneProxy,
   struct L21ProxyFitting
 {
   L21ProxyFitting(const FacetNormalMap &normal_pmap, const FacetAreaMap &area_pmap)
-    : normal_pmap(normal_pmap),
-    area_pmap(area_pmap),
-    error_functor(normal_pmap, area_pmap) {
+    : normal_pmap(normal_pmap), area_pmap(area_pmap) {
     GeomTraits traits;
     sum_functor = traits.construct_sum_of_vectors_3_object();
     scale_functor = traits.construct_scaled_vector_3_object();
@@ -99,17 +97,6 @@ template<typename PlaneProxy,
     PlaneProxy px;
     px.normal = norm;
 
-    // update seed
-    px.seed = *beg;
-    FT err_min = error_functor(*beg, px);
-    for (FacetIterator fitr = beg; fitr != end; ++fitr) {
-      FT err = error_functor(*fitr, px);
-      if (err < err_min) {
-        err_min = err;
-        px.seed = *fitr;
-      }
-    }
-
     return px;
   }
 
@@ -117,7 +104,6 @@ template<typename PlaneProxy,
   const FacetAreaMap area_pmap;
   Construct_scaled_vector_3 scale_functor;
   Construct_sum_of_vectors_3 sum_functor;
-  L21Metric error_functor;
 };
 
 template<typename TriangleMesh,
@@ -281,12 +267,8 @@ template<typename PlaneProxy,
   typedef typename GeomTraits::Construct_scaled_vector_3 Construct_scaled_vector_3;
   typedef typename boost::graph_traits<TriangleMesh>::halfedge_descriptor halfedge_descriptor;
 
-  L2ProxyFitting(const TriangleMesh &_mesh,
-    const VertexPointMap &_point_pmap,
-    const FacetAreaMap &_area_pmap)
-    : mesh(_mesh),
-    point_pmap(_point_pmap),
-    error_functor(_mesh, _area_pmap, _point_pmap) {}
+  L2ProxyFitting(const TriangleMesh &_mesh, const VertexPointMap &_point_pmap)
+    : mesh(_mesh), point_pmap(_point_pmap) {}
 
   template<typename FacetIterator>
   PlaneProxy operator()(const FacetIterator beg, const FacetIterator end) {
@@ -309,23 +291,11 @@ template<typename PlaneProxy,
       px.fit_plane,
       CGAL::Dimension_tag<2>());
 
-    // update seed
-    px.seed = *beg;
-    FT err_min = error_functor(*beg, px);
-    for (FacetIterator fitr = beg; fitr != end; ++fitr) {
-      FT err = error_functor(*fitr, px);
-      if (err < err_min) {
-        err_min = err;
-        px.seed = *fitr;
-      }
-    }
-
     return px;
   }
 
   const TriangleMesh &mesh;
   const VertexPointMap point_pmap;
-  ErrorMetric error_functor;
 };
 
 template<typename TriangleMesh,
@@ -406,7 +376,7 @@ public:
 
   // construct proxy fitting functor
   ProxyFitting construct_proxy_fitting_functor() const {
-    return ProxyFitting(mesh, point_pmap, area_pmap);
+    return ProxyFitting(mesh, point_pmap);
   }
 
 private: