diff --git a/Alpha_wrap_3/include/CGAL/Alpha_wrap_3/internal/Alpha_wrap_triangulation_cell_base_3.h b/Alpha_wrap_3/include/CGAL/Alpha_wrap_3/internal/Alpha_wrap_triangulation_cell_base_3.h
index cd0c29a99e5..bcca1bd0143 100644
--- a/Alpha_wrap_3/include/CGAL/Alpha_wrap_3/internal/Alpha_wrap_triangulation_cell_base_3.h
+++ b/Alpha_wrap_3/include/CGAL/Alpha_wrap_3/internal/Alpha_wrap_triangulation_cell_base_3.h
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ template <typename Cb>
 class Cell_base_with_timestamp
   : public Cb
 {
-  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-1);
+  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-2);
 
 public:
   using Has_timestamp = CGAL::Tag_true;
diff --git a/Mesh_2/include/CGAL/Delaunay_mesh_face_base_2.h b/Mesh_2/include/CGAL/Delaunay_mesh_face_base_2.h
index 46eec90e7e8..5601684ed22 100644
--- a/Mesh_2/include/CGAL/Delaunay_mesh_face_base_2.h
+++ b/Mesh_2/include/CGAL/Delaunay_mesh_face_base_2.h
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ public:
 
   void set_time_stamp(const std::size_t& ts) { time_stamp_ = ts; }
 
-  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-1);
+  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-2);
 };
 
 } // namespace CGAL
diff --git a/Mesh_2/include/CGAL/Delaunay_mesh_vertex_base_2.h b/Mesh_2/include/CGAL/Delaunay_mesh_vertex_base_2.h
index 159a5e77c88..0c62a20fb5c 100644
--- a/Mesh_2/include/CGAL/Delaunay_mesh_vertex_base_2.h
+++ b/Mesh_2/include/CGAL/Delaunay_mesh_vertex_base_2.h
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ public:
 
   void set_time_stamp(const std::size_t& ts) { time_stamp_ = ts; }
 
-  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-1);
+  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-2);
 #endif // CGAL_MESH_2_DEBUG_REFINEMENT_POINTS
 };
 
diff --git a/Mesh_3/include/CGAL/Compact_mesh_cell_base_3.h b/Mesh_3/include/CGAL/Compact_mesh_cell_base_3.h
index ecd0236808a..e47d899faec 100644
--- a/Mesh_3/include/CGAL/Compact_mesh_cell_base_3.h
+++ b/Mesh_3/include/CGAL/Compact_mesh_cell_base_3.h
@@ -644,7 +644,7 @@ private:
 #ifdef CGAL_INTRUSIVE_LIST
   Cell_handle next_intrusive_ = {}, previous_intrusive_ = {};
 #endif
-  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-1);
+  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-2);
 
   std::array<Index, 4> surface_center_index_table_ = {};
   /// Stores visited facets (4 first bits)
diff --git a/Mesh_3/include/CGAL/Mesh_cell_base_3.h b/Mesh_3/include/CGAL/Mesh_cell_base_3.h
index b4552fb048a..ac5535f7090 100644
--- a/Mesh_3/include/CGAL/Mesh_cell_base_3.h
+++ b/Mesh_3/include/CGAL/Mesh_cell_base_3.h
@@ -273,7 +273,7 @@ private:
 #ifdef CGAL_INTRUSIVE_LIST
   Cell_handle next_intrusive_, previous_intrusive_;
 #endif
-  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-1);
+  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-2);
 
 };  // end class Mesh_cell_base_3
 
diff --git a/Mesh_3/include/CGAL/Mesh_polyhedron_3.h b/Mesh_3/include/CGAL/Mesh_polyhedron_3.h
index e6e96d03f03..04b6d247da1 100644
--- a/Mesh_3/include/CGAL/Mesh_polyhedron_3.h
+++ b/Mesh_3/include/CGAL/Mesh_polyhedron_3.h
@@ -41,10 +41,9 @@ private:
   typedef CGAL::HalfedgeDS_vertex_base<Refs, Tag, Point> Pdv_base;
 
   Set_of_indices indices;
-  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-1);
-
+  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-2);
 public:
-  int nb_of_feature_edges;
+  int nb_of_feature_edges = 0;
 
   bool is_corner() const {
     return nb_of_feature_edges > 2;
@@ -85,8 +84,8 @@ public:
     return indices;
   }
 
-  Mesh_polyhedron_vertex() : Pdv_base(), nb_of_feature_edges(0) {}
-  Mesh_polyhedron_vertex(const Point& p) : Pdv_base(p), nb_of_feature_edges(0) {}
+  Mesh_polyhedron_vertex() = default;
+  Mesh_polyhedron_vertex(const Point& p) : Pdv_base(p) {}
 };
 
 template <class Refs, class Tprev, class Tvertex, class Tface>
@@ -95,7 +94,7 @@ public CGAL::HalfedgeDS_halfedge_base<Refs,Tprev,Tvertex,Tface>
 {
 private:
   bool feature_edge;
-  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-1);
+  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-2);
 
 public:
 
@@ -143,7 +142,7 @@ public CGAL::HalfedgeDS_face_base<Refs,T_,Pln_>
 {
 private:
   Patch_id_ patch_id_;
-  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-1);
+  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-2);
 
 public:
 
diff --git a/Mesh_3/include/CGAL/Mesh_vertex_base_3.h b/Mesh_3/include/CGAL/Mesh_vertex_base_3.h
index e824f0ba694..db43424ec4f 100644
--- a/Mesh_3/include/CGAL/Mesh_vertex_base_3.h
+++ b/Mesh_3/include/CGAL/Mesh_vertex_base_3.h
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ private:
   Vertex_handle next_intrusive_;
   Vertex_handle previous_intrusive_;
 #endif
-  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-1);
+  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-2);
 public:
 
   friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream &is, Mesh_vertex_3& v)
diff --git a/SMDS_3/include/CGAL/Compact_simplicial_mesh_cell_base_3.h b/SMDS_3/include/CGAL/Compact_simplicial_mesh_cell_base_3.h
index 49ac4fcae23..9f26f6f3b29 100644
--- a/SMDS_3/include/CGAL/Compact_simplicial_mesh_cell_base_3.h
+++ b/SMDS_3/include/CGAL/Compact_simplicial_mesh_cell_base_3.h
@@ -47,18 +47,7 @@ public:
 
 public:
   // Constructors
-  Compact_simplicial_mesh_cell_3() {}
-
-  Compact_simplicial_mesh_cell_3(const Compact_simplicial_mesh_cell_3& rhs)
-    : N(rhs.N)
-    , V(rhs.V)
-    , time_stamp_(rhs.time_stamp_)
-    , subdomain_index_(rhs.subdomain_index_)
-  {
-    for(int i=0; i <4; i++){
-      surface_index_table_[i] = rhs.surface_index_table_[i];
-    }
-  }
+  Compact_simplicial_mesh_cell_3() = default;
 
   Compact_simplicial_mesh_cell_3(Vertex_handle v0,
                                  Vertex_handle v1,
@@ -277,7 +266,7 @@ private:
   std::array<Cell_handle, 4> N;
   std::array<Vertex_handle, 4> V;
 
-  std::size_t time_stamp_ =  std::size_t(-1);
+  std::size_t time_stamp_ =  std::size_t(-2);
 
   // The index of the cell of the input complex that contains me
   Subdomain_index subdomain_index_ = {};
diff --git a/SMDS_3/include/CGAL/Simplicial_mesh_cell_base_3.h b/SMDS_3/include/CGAL/Simplicial_mesh_cell_base_3.h
index 7affb29b535..a9a98b155ba 100644
--- a/SMDS_3/include/CGAL/Simplicial_mesh_cell_base_3.h
+++ b/SMDS_3/include/CGAL/Simplicial_mesh_cell_base_3.h
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ public:
   };
 
 public:
-  Simplicial_mesh_cell_base_3() {}
+  Simplicial_mesh_cell_base_3() = default;
 
   Simplicial_mesh_cell_base_3(const Simplicial_mesh_cell_base_3& rhs)
     : Cb(static_cast<const Cb&>(rhs)),
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ private:
   /// Stores surface_index for each facet of the cell
   std::array<Surface_patch_index, 4> surface_index_table_ = {};
 
-  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-1);
+  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-2);
 
   // The index of the cell of the input complex that contains me
   Subdomain_index subdomain_index_ = {};
diff --git a/SMDS_3/include/CGAL/Simplicial_mesh_vertex_base_3.h b/SMDS_3/include/CGAL/Simplicial_mesh_vertex_base_3.h
index 6d86764fdca..1a15aaf09d7 100644
--- a/SMDS_3/include/CGAL/Simplicial_mesh_vertex_base_3.h
+++ b/SMDS_3/include/CGAL/Simplicial_mesh_vertex_base_3.h
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ private:
   // that contains me. Negative values are a marker for special vertices.
   short dimension_;
   bool cache_validity;
-  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-1);
+  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-2);
 
 public:
   friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& is,
diff --git a/STL_Extension/test/STL_Extension/test_Compact_container.cpp b/STL_Extension/test/STL_Extension/test_Compact_container.cpp
index c0235b6f018..8cb5d9726ec 100644
--- a/STL_Extension/test/STL_Extension/test_Compact_container.cpp
+++ b/STL_Extension/test/STL_Extension/test_Compact_container.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ template <typename Has_timestamp_ = CGAL::Tag_true>
 struct Node_1
 : public CGAL::Compact_container_base
 {
-  Node_1() {}
   bool operator==(const Node_1 &) const { return true; }
   bool operator!=(const Node_1 &) const { return false; }
   bool operator< (const Node_1 &) const { return false; }
@@ -49,7 +48,7 @@ struct Node_1
   }
   ///@}
   int m_erase_counter;
-  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-1);
+  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-2);
 };
 
 class Node_2
diff --git a/STL_Extension/test/STL_Extension/test_Concurrent_compact_container.cpp b/STL_Extension/test/STL_Extension/test_Concurrent_compact_container.cpp
index b4531b35c5c..e919369cabf 100644
--- a/STL_Extension/test/STL_Extension/test_Concurrent_compact_container.cpp
+++ b/STL_Extension/test/STL_Extension/test_Concurrent_compact_container.cpp
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ int main()
 struct Node_1
 : public CGAL::Compact_container_base
 {
-  Node_1() {}
   bool operator==(const Node_1 &) const { return true; }
   bool operator!=(const Node_1 &) const { return false; }
   bool operator< (const Node_1 &) const { return false; }
@@ -45,7 +44,7 @@ struct Node_1
   void set_time_stamp(const std::size_t& ts) {
     time_stamp_ = ts;
   }
-  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-1);
+  std::size_t time_stamp_ = std::size_t(-2);
 };
 
 class Node_2